Counter-Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Counter-Terrorism - Essay Example Following the Sept. 11th assails, associates of the Bush admin were exceedingly grave of the FISA constraints. Segments of the Patriot Act inflated the laws accomplish to tackle terrorism criminal as well as, representatives of foreign nations. However, when President Bush asked for an extended course of close watch by the National Security Agency (NSA), he chose to evade the FISA route wholly. On the revelation of these unmerited wiretaps by the media in 2005, government bureaucrats debated that working in FISA is supposedly too tiresome. The AEDPA makes the present edition of the customary habeas corpus writ. Conventionally, habeas corpus that factually denotes one ought to have the body is a defense against unlawful imprisonment. Under the law, an individual imprisoned by executive bureaucrats, military officials, guards, and jail wardens could request a court to establish whether his or her imprisonment is endorsed by law. The individual could file an appeal for the writ; also the court needs the executive bureaucrat to react in what is acknowledged as the wit "return". If the jury establishes that the imprisonment infringes the law, it gives the habeas corpus writ. As a component of its reply to the experiences of September 11, in the year 2001, Congress enacted the Patriot Act of the U.S.A. The Act turned out to be effectual right away upon being passed into rule by the nation’s head on October 26 in the year 2001. A section of the Act inflates constraints on the ownership, exploitation and right of entry to biological agents, pollutants and deliverance systems. Before the Act, national law forbade the progress, production, transmission or ownership of whichever biological agent, pollutants, or deliverance system for use as a weapon. The Act significantly expands the law by now prohibiting ownership of a biological agent, pollutants, or deliverance system of a kind or in a measure

Rites of Passage of the Maasai Community of Kenya Research Paper

Rites of Passage of the Maasai Community of Kenya - Research Paper Example Maasai are directly related to the Turkana of western-central Kenya. Oppong J. and Oppong E. point out that â€Å"they are a traditional pastoral people who are semi-nomadic and who practice a communal system of sharing with one another† (61). Today, their way of life is being threatened and is changing every minute. Large areas of their grazing land are today included in Kenya’s national parks. They consider this a threat because according to their traditions, no land should be enclosed. Rather, it should be owned communally and nobody ought to be denied access to resources such as water and land. Their diet is comprised of meat, milk, and blood from cattle. They hold the belief that utilizing the land for crop farming is a crime against nature. Once one cultivates the land, its suitability for grazing is lost. But more recently, the Maasai have moved from this belief and changed to being â€Å"dependent on food produced in other areas such as maize meal, rice, potato es, and cabbage† (Oppong J. and Oppong E. 61) (which they have always believed is goat leaves). 3. Rites of Passage of the Maasai Community Even with the changes that occur in the day to day activities of the Maasai community, a lot has not changed. ...These rites of passage concern men more, while women initiations focus on circumcision and marriage, though circumcision is being eroded with time. Unlike the men, women have no age-sets and are hence recognized by those of their husbands (Oppong J. and Oppong E. 63). The following are the rites of passage among the Maasai: Enkipata (pre-circumcision ceremony) This ceremony is organized by fathers of the new age-set. The boys in this age-set are aged between 14 and16 years. The boys usually travel across their section of land for about four months, declaring the formation of the new-age set. A group of elders guiding the formation of the new age-set usually accompany the boys. In order to initiate the boys away from the rest of the families, thirty to forty houses are built for this purpose (Maasai Association. â€Å"Maasai Ceremonies and Rituals†). The location of the houses for the initiation ceremony is usually chosen by the Maasai prophet. Emuratta (circumcision) This is the most important rite of passage among the Maasai community. Circumcision was for both boys and girls according to culture, though in this century, girls do not undergo it. Circumcision takes the boys to the other stage of manhood. This initiation is performed shortly after puberty. The actual process takes place shortly prior to sunrise where cold water is poured on the boy to make him numb. The process is performed by an elder who has experience in this job. During the process, the boy must be very brave because the process is not pleasant and there are no pain relief drugs, such as anesthesia. No boy is allowed to flinch an eye because one is considered a coward, which is not a good trait for the young man.